Strengthening of CNI- Classified Data Centres: The Critical Role of Security System Design and Surveys  

Written by Mike Gaut, Growth Director, Enterprise & Data Centres

In the world of physical security, site surveys play a fundamental role in the planning and implementation of systems across various types of projects, regardless of scale or complexity. The proverb “don’t run before you can walk” stresses the importance of mastering the basics before attempting more ambitious endeavours. In the Data Centre industry, where the convergence of networks and systems are reshaping operations – this principle is especially relevant.

As of September 2024, the UK government has officially designated Data Centres as Critical National Infrastructure (CNI), placing them alongside essential services such as energy and water. This heightened status reinforces the importance of securing these mission-critical hubs that underpin economic continuity and nationwide security. There is no room for error. The designation also underscores the critical need for rigorous site surveys and comprehensive security system designs to meet the heightened standards, compliance expectations, and resilience requirements now associated with CNI status.

Why Site Surveys Matter More Than Ever

In an era where AI workloads, edge processing, and 24/7 data demands are redefining infrastructure needs, site surveys lay the foundation for resilient and scalable physical security solutions, ensuring these high-value environments are ready for today’s demands and tomorrow's growth. Proper planning is not just a step in the process – it’s key to long-term success, enabling seamless operational and technological convergence while safeguarding against evolving threats. Achieving this requires the expertise of a trusted partner or integrator who understands the nuances of these environments and ensures the highest standards are upheld.

Understanding the physical environment and assets of a site are essential for supporting all aspects of a company’s operations. It ensures facilities run as efficiently as possible, with the appropriate security levels, cameras, access points, and protective measures tailored to the specific requirements of the site.

A CNI View on Physical Security

Now, Data Centres fall under CNI, physical security must meet stricter, government applied standards. This includes mandatory reporting, audits, and compliance with an expanding range of regulatory frameworks.

A comprehensive site survey forms the foundation of this approach, ensuring that no detail is overlooked. Key elements include:

• Identifying vulnerabilities in real-world conditions
• Mapping access control risks and blind spots
• Evaluating the integrity of barriers and entry systems
• Reviewing proximity to external threats (e.g. public roads, vegetation, power lines)

Working with an experienced integrator to conduct thorough site surveys is pivotal to this process to ensure that all critical areas are addressed, resources are allocated appropriately, and the security system meets the highest industry and regulatory standards. Site surveys also support the development of energy-efficient and cost-effective security measures tailored to the unique operational and environmental challenges of each facility.

Even the most secure Data Centres can harbour hidden weaknesses. Regular site surveys, combined with rigorous risk analysis, are essential to prevent costly incidents and reputational damage, safeguarding the uninterrupted operation and integrity of critical infrastructure.

An effective risk analysis should systematically address the following:

1. Identify Assets: Know what you are protecting. Know your site.
2. Characterise Conditions: Understand the environment surrounding these assets.
3. Identify Threats: Recognise potential risks or hazards.
4. Estimate Likelihood: Determine the probability of each threat occurring.
5. Evaluate Impact: Consider the consequences of each threat. Downtime? Data Loss?
6. Calculate Raw Risk: Combine likelihood and impact to gauge overall risk.
7. Prioritise Protections: Focus effort where it matters most.

Physical Security Standards

Robust physical security is a necessity for Data Centres, forming the foundation for network security and supporting digital growth. These measures safeguard critical equipment, sensitive data, and operations from threats like theft, vandalism, and unauthorised access. The UK's Data Centre physical security market is projected to grow from USD 102.99 million in 2025 to USD 208.05 million by 2030.

Regularly reviewing and updating physical security standards, driven by the guidance of a knowledgeable partner, keeps defences aligned with evolving threats and best practices. Proactive physical security is a shared responsibility—success depends on collective effort, rigorous training, and high standards across the organisation.

With the UK’s forthcoming Cyber Security and Resilience Bill set to strengthen regulations and expand incident reporting requirements for critical infrastructure operators, including Data Centres, the need for thorough site surveys and robust security system designs has never been greater. These measures are vital to ensure compliance with the new legislation and to maintain the highest levels of operational resilience and security.

Key Measures include:

• Awareness: Be aware of your surroundings and report suspicious activity.
• Access Control: Restrict entry to authorised individuals.
• Secure Entry Points: Keep all doors and windows locked when not in use.
• Lighting: Maintain well-lit entrances and exits to deter intrusions.
• Surveillance: Monitor critical areas with cameras and security systems.
• Visitor Management: Track visitors and escort them in secure areas.
• Emergency Plans: Establish and practice evacuation routes and procedures.
• Inspections: Check security systems and barriers for proper functionality.
• Training: Educate employees on security protocols and compliance.

Examples

Real-world examples speak volumes. Here are some examples of what site surveys can uncover:

• Site A – The Not-So-Locked Gate of Mystery:

A “locked” gate at the rear of a facility that was not being accessed. As it was “not used”, it wasn’t being checked thoroughly. Following a site survey, it became apparent that the chain was more symbolic and wasn’t secure enough to prevent trespassers.

• Site B - Helpful Landscaping

Site B had it all: solid fences, lovely grounds, and a beautiful view. Unfortunately, they also had a carefully cultivated ladder, disguised as trees and shrubs, running around the perimeter. Who needs bolt cutters when nature gives you a free boost over the fence?

• Site C – The Importance of Maths

The assumption of 25 operational cameras across the site proved inaccurate. In the absence of a proper site survey, undocumented legacy changes had gone unnoticed, resulting in critical blind spots throughout key areas.

Why a Trusted Partner Matters

With CNI Classification, the cost of getting it wrong is monumental. A trusted partner ensures no detail is missed. Secure by Design thinking ensures security is embedded at every stage.

Fortifying Data Centres requires a multifaceted approach, combining the foundational elements of site surveys, physical security checks, and risk analysis with cutting-edge strategies. A thorough physical security check lays the groundwork for resilience by identifying vulnerabilities.

Partnering with an experienced integrator ensures that no detail is overlooked during site surveys, risk analysis, or security implementation. A trusted partner brings expertise, adheres to industry standards, and ensures cost-effective solutions that do not compromise on quality. Scrimping on these processes risks significant vulnerabilities that could jeopardise operations, customer trust, and compliance.

Discover more about North’s Data Centre solutions and how they can help secure your operations.